EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN ENUGU STATE
(A STUDY OF SELECTED SMES) IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
    ABSTRACT
This research work examined the Effects of Entrepreneurship on the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in Enugu State with SMEs in Enugu South Local Government Area as a case study. The objectives of the study were to examine the effects of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State, to determine the problems of entrepreneurship in the development of small and medium enterprises, to examine government policies towards entrepreneurship development and to find out the qualities of entrepreneurial personality needed for the development of small and medium enterprises. The research method used was the survey research method. The sources of data were the primary and secondary sources of data while the questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection. The population of the study was 196 while the sample size of 132 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s formular. The hypotheses were tested using the chi-square distribution formular. The data collected were presented in tables using frequencies and percentages and analysed using inferential statistics. The findings include that the effect of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises include creation of new technology, products and services and it also increases productivity. The problem of entrepreneurship include under capitalization, incompetence of management and government policies and regulations. The research concluded that entrepreneurship has a big effect on the development of small and medium enterprises and the recommendations include that government should take a far reaching measure aimed at encouraging mass acceptance of made in Nigeria goods and services and the various banks in Nigeria should be encouraged to extend credit facilities to small and medium enterprises through tax incentive.  
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    Background of the study                        
1.2    Statement of the Problem                            
1.3    Objectives of the Study                            
1.4    Research Questions                            
1.5    Research Hypotheses                                                  
1.6    Significance of the Study                        
1.7    Scope of the Study                            
1.8    Limitations of the Study                            
1.9    Operational Definition of Terms                     
References                                        
CHAPTER TWO  
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Conceptual Framework of the Study                    
2.1.1 Definition and Meaning of Informal Group                 
2.1.2 The Effect of Entrepreneurship on the Development of
Small and Medium Enterprises                     
2.1.3 Challenges of Entrepreneurship on the Development
of Small and Medium Enterprise                        
2.1. 4 Qualities of Entrepreneurial Personality Needed for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises         
2.1.5 Government Policies Towards Entrepreneurship
Development                                 
2.1.6 Ways of Improving Entrepreneurship                
2.1    Theoretical Framework of the Study                
2.3    Historical Background of the Study                     
2.4    Empirical Review                                
2.5    Summary of Literature Review                     
References                                        
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1    Research Design                                 
3.2    Area of the Study                                
3.3    Sources of Data                                
3.3.1 Primary Source of Data                            
3.3.2 Secondary source of Data                        
3.4    Population of the Study                            
3.5     Determination of Sample Size                        
3.6    Sampling Procedure                            
3.7    Sample Size Distribution                         
3.8    Method of Data Collection/Instrumentation            
3.9    Validity of the instrument                        
3.10 Reliability of the Instrument                        
3.11     Techniques of Data Analysis                         
References                                        
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND discussion of findings
4.1    Data presentation and analysis                     
4.2    Testing of Hypothesis                            
4.3    Discussion of findings                            
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1    Summary of Findings                            
5.2    Conclusion                                    
5.3    Recommendations                             
Bibliography                                    
Appendix                                         
Questionnaire                                    
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    Background of the Study
The prosperity and progress of a nation, depends on the quality of its people (Adeyemi, 2012:18). If they are enterprising, ambitious and courageous enough to bear the risk, the community/society will develop quickly. Such people are identified as entrepreneurs and their character reflects entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is no monopoly of any religion or community (Timus, 2009:33). Entrepreneurial potential can be found and developed any where irrespective of age, qualification, experience or socio-economic background, only efforts are required in the right direction.
    Entrepreneurship may not be regarded as a sufficient condition for growth activity, but is surely a necessary condition (Destipande, 2008:77), hence it must be given top priority in the national programmes of a country. It is widely acknowledged in entrepreneurship literature that entrepreneurship is about people who realize new opportunities. Entrepreneurs are persistent, passionate, adaptable and able to take risks. As a result, entrepreneurship can occur in a range of environments. However, at the core of entrepreneurship lies the creation of new business ventures by individuals or teams (Murthy, 2010:106).
    Entrepreneurship is the lifeblood of the Nigerian economy. It is the cradle of job and wealth creation in the most innovative ways.
    A small business unit, is thus an enterprise, its owner, an entrepreneur and his activities are the entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is a human activity development. It indicates the spirit of enterprise. Such spirit transforms the man from a nomad to a cattle rearer, to a settled agriculturist, to a trader and an industrialist (Jeng 2006:54).
    The future economic prosperity of Nigeria, lies in the dynamism and growth of small and medium enterprises. This is the unanimous opinion of an economic dialogue at the instance of three bodies. The Nigerian institute of social and economic research (NISER), the National Association of small-scale industrialist (NASSI) and the Fredrick Ebert foundation, held recently in Lagos. In other words, small-scale enterprises constitute a vital engine to economic growth and development. The experience all over the world is that small-scale industries play a significant role in the Linkage of the various sectors of the economy.
    Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) occupy a place of pride in virtually every country or state. Because of the significant roles small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play in the growth and development of various economies, SMEs have been aptly referred to as “the engine of growth and catalyst for socio-economic transformation of any country (Okoye, 2007:66). There is a general belief that the desired employment generation in this country can be achieved through development of small and medium scale enterprises (Awosika 1997, Schmitz 1995). Gunu (2004;36) and Aremu (2010:76) posited that small scale enterprises provide income, savings and employment generation. They are seen as veritable engines for the development of entrepreneurial capabilities and indigenous technology which will generate employment in the country. Small and medium scale industries constitute the basis for industry and national economy in many countries. It has been estimated that SME’s employ 22% of the adult population in developing countries (Daniel, 1999:76). Small and medium scale enterprises speed up the rate of socio- economic development of many countries, particularly developing countries. Small and medium scale enterprises contribute substantially to the gross domestic product, export earning and development opportunities of the countries. After the attainment of independence, much emphasis has been laid on growth of small and medium scale industries as a means of generating employment and reducing poverty in the country.
    Bearing in mind the roles of small and medium scale enterprises in economic development of Nigeria, the researcher wants to find the effects of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Ugheli South of Delta State as a case study.
1.2    Statement of the Problem
Because of the changing economic environment and uncertainty of business and the unpredictability of human behaviour and of natural forces, risks are inherent in business operation. Entrepreneurs have no guarantee that their ventures will be profitable.   
Virtually, all businesses need capital for its operations and growth. But many of the small and medium scale business units are undercapitalized. They have limited sources of finance and this creates the problem of not buying merchandize independently at best price, inadequate quality and quantities cum varieties etc. commercials banks sometimes shun the small and medium business owners who on getting the loan soon divert the funds into other uses. Other problems include poor business accountability poor record keeping, lack of enterprise, lack of business knowledge, inadequate planning, incompetence of management.
1.3    Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of the study are
1)    To examine the effects of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
2)    To determine the problems of entrepreneurship in the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
3)       To examine government policies towards entrepreneurship development in Enugu State.
4)    To find out the qualities of entrepreneurial personality needed for the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
1.4    Research Questions
Based on the objectives of the study, the following research questions were asked.
1.    What are the effects of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State?
2.    What are the problems of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State?
3.    What are the government policies towards entrepreneurship development in Enugu State?
4.    What are the qualities of entrepreneurial personality needed for the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State?
1.5    Research Hypotheses
Based on the above research questions, the following hypotheses were formulated.
Hypothesis One
H0:    Entrepreneurship has no effect of on the development of small and medium enterprises of Enugu State.
Hi:    Entrepreneurship has effect of on the development of small and medium enterprises of Enugu State.
Hypothesis Two
Ho:    There are no problems of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
Hi:    There are problems of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Three
H0:    There are no government policies towards entrepreneurship development in Enugu State.
Hi:    There are government policies towards entrepreneurship development in Enugu State.
Hypothesis Four
Ho:    There are no qualities of entrepreneurial personality needed for the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
Hi:    There are qualities of entrepreneurial personality needed for the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State.
1.6    Significance of the Study
The research work is important because it examines the effects of entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State. The government will benefit because they will get more information on how to work out strategies for dealing with the mass unemployment in the country, through the activities of small and medium enterprises.
The researcher will benefit as the research work is a pre-requisite for graduation. The university will benefit as the research work increases their data bank.
1.7    Scope of the Study
The research work covered three zones under Enugu South Local Government Area. The three zones are Uwani, Ikirike and Akwuke. The research work covered the small and medium scale enterprises in Enugu South Local Government Area. The small and medium enterprises covered are leather shoes business, sewing/fashion designing, barbing/hair dressing salon, and animal feeds and husbandry. The research work covered the problems of entrepreneurship as regards the development of small and medium enterprises in Enugu State etc.
1.8    Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered some impediments or constraints in the course of carrying out this research work. Among them are time and financial constraint.
Time: the researcher missed some lectures while visiting the case study. This served as an impediment to carrying out this research.  
Financial Constraint: The researcher spent so much money, surfing or browsing the internet and printing out the necessary materials for the research work. But inspite of all these constraints, the researcher came up with a successful research work.
1.9    Operational Definition of Terms
Entrepreneurship: This can be defined as the ability to organize a business undertaking and assume the risks for the sake of profit.
Development: This is the change that is continuously taking place in man and his physical, social, cultural and other environments.
Small Scale Enterprise: This is any enterprise whose total investment or total cost or total assets is between N100,000.00 and N2 medium exclusive of land box including working.
Medium Scale Enterprise: This is any enterprise whose total investment or total cost or total assets are above N10million but not greater than N20 million and having a labour force that is above one hundred (100) but not more than (200).
REFERENCES
Adeyemi, T. (2013), Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria. Ibadan; Onibonoje Press.
Aremu, A. (2010), Ensuring Survival of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. Journal of Management. Vol. 10 No. 2.
Destipande, A. (2008), Economics for Developing Countries.
    London; Longman group.
Gunu, F. (2004), Management of Small Business in Nigeria.    Lagos; University Press.
Jena, P. (2006), Entrepreneurship: A comparative and Historical     Study. Ibadan; University press.
Murthy, K. (2010), Small Business. New York; Irwin Inc.
Okoye, A. (2007). The Practice of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria.    Enugu; Diamond Press.
Timus, K. (2009), Small Business and Industry, scope and Trends    of Small Business. Tokyo, McGraw-Hill Book Company.